Barely five years ago, Juha Kononen, then at the National Cancer Institute, presented a straightforward way of constructing tissue microarrays (TMAs): a glass slide covered with as many as 1,000 cores of tissue, measuring from 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter.
[
1]
Suddenly, researchers could analyze gene expression and protein levels on hundreds of tissue samples by processing just one slide, instead of the hundreds previously required. As a result, scientists can better validate molecular markers of both development and disease.